Dina Abdel Fattah

Imagine being Hassan Abdalla, the governor of the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE). You are not overseeing the monetary…

In normal times, economies are measured through standard indicators: interest rates, inflation, fiscal deficits,…

In the later stages of a monetary tightening cycle, holding interest rates steady is rarely a sign of relief.…

Reading Egypt’s state budget is no longer an analytical luxury; it is a necessity for understanding how economic…

There is little space left for incremental policy responses. The familiar toolkit—borrowing or selling state…

The United States’ rise to global prominence was not defined solely by military might or economic clout.

When assessing Egypt’s latest austerity measures, implemented as a short-term response to a sharp surge in global…

The confrontation between Iran, on one side, and the United States and the Israeli occupation state, on the other,…

At the heart of the Middle East—where energy routes, trade corridors, and political influence intersect—one of the…

History does not repeat itself exactly. Yet when similar conditions arise, constraints weaken, and critical…